1. Participles are formed from verbs. English has two types participles: the Present Participle and the Past Participle. The Present Participle of the verb is formed by adding the suffix '-ing' to the base form of the verb: base form + '-ing'. We use the Present Participlealong with a form of the verb 'to be' to create continuous (progressive) tenses.
2. Spelling rules for the formation of the Present Participle.
The general rule is: base form of the verb + '-ing':
If a one syllable verb ends in consonant + vowel + consonant double the final consonant and add '-ing':
If a verb has more than one syllable and ends in consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the final consonant only if the final syllable is stressed and add '-ing':
When a verb ends in '-ic' we add '-k' and then '-ing':
When a verb ends in '-l' the '-l' is doubled and '-ing' is added (in British English):
When a verb ends in silent '-e', the silent '-e' is dropped and '-ing' is added:
When a verb ends in an '-e' which is not silent, the final '-e' is not dropped before the ending '-ing' is added:
When a verb ends in '-ie', the '-ie' is changed to '-y' before the ending '-ing' is added:
3. The Present Participal can be also used as an ajective in front of a noun: a running boy, a crying baby, a dancing lady, etc.
Present Participle
Wednesday, December 22, 2010
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